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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the West Quay shopping centre development on the city of Southampton.

The West Quay scheme parallels recent high‐profile openings of “regional shopping centres” in city centre locations (e.g. Birmingham's Bullring and Reading's Oracle), and like those centres has had a significant impact on the image and external appeal of the city. Using a combination of material from personal interviews with key players in the Southampton retail scene, statistical data collected by Hammerson (the owners of West Quay), and city centre health check information, the paper offers an assessment of the impact of the regional in‐town centre on Southampton more broadly and on the city centre specifically.

Evidence suggests that the local effects of the centre's opening have not been as detrimental as was feared and that West Quay appears to be generating considerable synergy with Southampton's existing city centre. In addition, there are a number of important developments in the pipeline that owe their raison d'être to West Quay.

The paper does not record the views of consumers and a future task must be to document and evaluate consumer's opinions of West Quay and incorporate these insights into future assessments of regional in‐town centres.

The paper provides a benchmark of “impacts” to date and a resource for other cities with similar in‐town schemes moving forward.

This chapter traces the journey of the Faculty of Education through the pandemic, charting some of the challenges and opportunities in leading teaching and learning, research, international and engagement activities while maintaining its staff's health and emotional well-being. The chapter concludes with six significant educational challenges amplified during COVID-19 that must be addressed. These insights provide a road map for how higher education and academia can emerge from the pandemic fit for purpose and ready to contribute to our nation's and the world's future.

This paper aims to review the existing practices of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the building sectors in European countries, to be able to assess its suitability for housing provision while focussing on the social impact.

Based on the sectoral spread of PPP, nine European countries were included in this study. Formative evaluation is used to structure the review based on four key attributes of PPPs to develop a comprehensive understanding of the existing PPP procedures and guidelines amongst these countries. Data were gathered through public and governmental reports, consultant reports, country guidelines, standards and procedures, and cases, in order to identify the prevalent practices and trends in these countries.

The review identified the need to calibrate the PPP approach towards other stakeholders, particularly the end-users. It further highlighted the need to focus on social integration and social sustainability and establish set procedures for PPPs in housing to create a credible and trustworthy environment for the investors. Joint support from private and public partners and community participation has a diverse impact on the success of PPP in housing.

This review shall enable governments, industry and stakeholders to make provisions and policies for overcoming the challenges identified with regard to PPPs and pave the way for its application in the housing sector ensuring a positive social impact.

This review shall facilitate greater involvement of end-users and enhancing social integration in housing through PPP, and pave the way towards creating cohesive communities by focussing on the concept of togetherness and social sustainability.

This study provides a holistic summation of the prevalent PPP practices and broadens the adaptations for the housing sector. The novelty of this paper specifically lies in learning from PPP practices across other building sectors for adapting its utilisation for housing and thereby extending the state of art for PPP housing.

The purpose here is to show how the “shadow” economy has grown in scale and impetus in recent years, though even before modern times it has been present (e.g. the City of London, Shaxson, 2011) since at least the middle ages. The reasons for this have become complicated, but we can identify some “deep structures” that are common. Firstly, “globalisation” made it easier for multinationals to escape national regulatory regimes. Secondly, one of the ways neoliberal trading regulations allowed such actors to augment their assets was by means of what they initially called “transfer-pricing” but which now is officially known as “profit shifting” through tax havens. Thirdly, the growth in international trade in legal and illegal ways caused money laundering – even by otherwise respectable banks – to grow across borders. Conversely, from the supply-side, tax haven status was increasingly accessed by jurisdictions that sought to achieve economic growth by supplying tax haven services, both Delaware and Ireland as exemplars of a “developmental” fiscal policy.

This paper adopts a “pattern recognition” design, an approach that is abductive, meaning interpretive, as shown in the observation that explanation can be valid or reliable without direct observation. This is shown in the indirect observation that “rain fell because the terrace has puddles” or “ancient glaciers once carved this valley”.

Reviewing the European Union’s (EU) list of non-co-operating jurisdictions in support of the OECD’s review of base erosion and profit-shifting activity, Collin concluded the EU’s listing “moved the needle” somewhat but was only a modest success. This is because of its reluctance to sanction its own members or large economies like the USA. Data on foreign direct investment and offshore banking assets suggest listed jurisdictions did not suffer notably from being named and shamed. In all cases studied, this contribution found legally damaging, fraudulent, conflict of interest and corrupt practice activities everywhere.

The originality is found in three spheres. Firstly, the pattern recognition method was vindicated in yielding hard to research results. Secondly, the “assemblage-thirdspace” theory was found advantageous in demonstrating the uneven geography of tax haven clusters and their common history in turbocharging economic development. Finally, the empirics showed the ruses executed by cluster members in tax havens to circumvent the law from global management consultancies to micro-firms consisting of tax lawyers and other experts interacting in knowledge supply chains of dubious morality.

Designed to update research work carried out in the early 2000s on the development and impacts of Southampton's West Quay retail development on the urban milieu of the city.

Summarises the findings of detailed research work carried out at West Quay over a five year period.

Suggests that developments that have taken place at West Quay have been overwhelmingly positive for the city and that, as such, the Southampton example supports the case for retail‐led urban regeneration.

Southampton's position – as one of the first cities in the UK to embark on a city centre retail‐led regeneration scheme – finds it extremely well‐placed to provide important lessons to other local authorities currently in the process of developing large‐scale retail developments in their city centres.

This paper updates a detailed study of the history and development of the West Quay retail scheme in the city of Southampton. It seeks to draw a series of wider conclusions from the case and is offered in the spirit of generating debate on this issue.

The purpose of this paper is to present a critical evaluation of city centre regeneration via the creation of a major new shopping destination. The City of Southampton is chosen since that very process has been well documented. The research shows that this process of creating successful cities can be negative for some existing traders.

There are two main methodologies employed. One is a quantitative analysis of changes in rateable values. This is used as a surrogate for trading impact from the new development. The other is qualitative interviews with urban officials in the city being studied.

Quantitative results show that the market power of the retailer is a better explanation for rates relief than is the physical distance from the impactful new centre. Analysis of the qualitative interviews shows that the urban officials expected that there would be negative impacts for some existing traders by setting up that process of rates relief. However, the wider picture shows that the opportunities for small‐scale innovative retailers may be reducing. Further, that the style of retailing introduced does not necessarily assist the resident population with their everyday shopping.

Though the sample of respondents for the qualitative interviews is small, it does access the key local officials. A wider issue is the poor level of quantitative data available on small shops. This limitation is also found by the 2006‐2008 Competition Commission Inquiry into the grocery sector.

Highly publicised success stories such as West Quay Southampton need deeper scrutiny to ensure they fit a wider ambition to deliver the environment that local residents deserve. Better data availability would assist in such analysis.

The paper constitutes an attempt to show how deeper scrutiny of the type the paper commends may be approached. Greater resources will be needed in order to gain fuller insights. The findings are of value to all who seek to understand the functioning of policymaking in the urban arena.

The organization of events in public spaces in the cities of Oporto, Vila Nova de Gaia (both in Portugal), and Barcelona (Spain) led us to propose a classification of thematic cities. The conclusions are the result of social representations of organizers and sponsors in the three cities and, thus, it is a qualitative study carried out in research Ph.D. in Sociology at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Oporto. We propose the presentation of some events organized in three public spaces – Aliados Avenue in Oporto, Cais de Gaia’s waterfront in Vila Nova de Gaia, and Ramblas in Barcelona – to make its framing in terms of objectives, motivations, and public. We also appealed to the social representations of interviewees to evaluate the quality and structure of public spaces in the two cities in the metropolitan area of Oporto in comparison with the Catalan city. Finally, we propose the typification of the three cities according to the features presented throughout the chapter.

May 6, 1970 Docks — “De‐casualisation scheme” — Timber loaded on lorries after storage in dock area on removal from ship — Piling of timber at importer's yard “in vicinity of” Cardiff dock estates — Whether “dock work” — Whether timber still “cargo” — Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) Act, 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. VI, c. 22), s. 6 — Docks and Harbours Act, 1966 (c. 28), ss. 51(3), 58 — Dock Workers (Regulation of Employment) (Amendment) Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967, No. 1252), Sch. 2, cl. 1 (3) proviso, App. 1.

One of the common law duties owed by the employer is his duty to take reasonable care for the safety of his employee. This common law duty is an implied term in the contract of employment and is therefore contractual in nature. Because of the difficulties which may arise in bringing an action in contract for breach of the employer's duty of care, the employee who has sustained injuries during the course of his employment (although he may sue either in contract of tort will normally bring a tort action.